Igipande c’amapulasitike, nk’ikintu gihambaye c’inganda n’abaguzi, gikoreshwa cane mu kwubaka, mu gupfunyika, mu kwamamaza, mu gukora ubuhinga bw’imiti be no mu bindi. Ibikorwa vyayo bitandukanye n’ibikorwa vyayo bigenwa cane cane n’ivyo ikora be n’uguhitamwo ibikoresho vya mbere. Iki kiganiro kizosuzuma ingingo ngenderwako z’ishimikiro z’igipapuro c’ipulasitike maze kiganire ku nzira yaco yo gukora, ibikoresho nyamukuru, n’ibintu nyamukuru vy’ubuhinga mu buryo burambuye, bigamije gutanga inzego zijanye n’ivyo bikorwa.
I. Ivyiyumviro vy'ishimikiro vy'Ibumbano ry'Ibumba
Igipande c’amaplastic gikozwe ahanini mu bihimba vy’umubiri ({0}} molecule (ibihimba vy’umubiri) bikoreshwa mu buryo bw’umubiri canke bw’imiti. Ivyo bihimba nyamukuru vyayo birimwo ivyuma vy’ishimikiro, ivy’inyongera, n’ibikoresho vyo gufasha. Igipande c’ishimikiro ni co kigena imiterere y’ishimikiro y’urupapuro, ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ubushuhe, n’ugushikama kw’imiti. Ivyiyumviro rusangi birimwo polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), chloride ya polyvinyl (PVC), polycarbonate (PC), n’ivyuma bita cryrylonile -bunene.
Ivyongeweko birakoreshwa mu gutuma imiterere yihariye, nk'iyi:
1. Ivyuma vy’amaplastique: Gutuma umuntu ashobora guhindura uko ameze, akoreshwa cane mu mashusho ya PVC;
2. Ivyuma bifata amazi: Gutuma ubushuhe buhungabana canke gutera umuyagankuba, nk’umunyu w’amabuye y’agaciro n’ibintu biva mu bihimba vy’umubiri;
3. Ivyuma vy’ubuhinga: Nk’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma n’ivy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma, bigabanya ibiciro no gutuma ubukomezi butera imbere;
4. Ivyuma bihindura umuriro: Gukoresha umuriro, birabereye gukoreshwa mu bikorwa vy’ubwubatsi n’ivy’ubuhinga bwa none;
5. Amabara: Gutanga amabara yihariye ku bijanye n’ubwiza canke ibimenyetso.
II. Uburyo nyamukuru bwo gukoresha Imibumbe y'Ibumba
Uburyo bwo guhingura urupapuro rw’amabarabara buratandukanye, kandi uburyo butandukanye buragira ico bukoze ku bijanye n’uguhuza kw’imiterere, ukuri kw’uburemere, n’ubushobozi bwo gukora. Ibi bikurikira ni bimwe mu buryo busanzwe:
1. Kwongera
Ugukuraho ni kimwe mu bikorwa bikoreshwa cane mu guhingura amabara y’ipulasitike. Ivyo bikaba birimwo guvanga resin pelles n’ibintu vyongeweko, kubishusha no kubishonga mu gikoresho co gusohora, bikabirukana biciye mu T{1}}die mu bipande, hanyuma bikaca mu kalenda atatu - kugira ngo buhindure, bukonje, hanyuma mu nyuma ukazica mu bimenyetso vyipfuzwa. Ubu buryo burabereye ku bikoresho vy’ubushuhe nk’ivyo PE, PP, na PVC. Itanga ivyiza vyo gukora ibintu bikomeza kandi igiciro gito, ariko uburemere bw’uburemere burashikirwa cane n’uguhingura ibikoresho.
2. Guharura
Uburyo bwo gutanga imibare bukoresha rolls nyinshi zifise itandukaniro rigenzuwe kugira ngo zikanda amapulasitike ashonje mu bipande bitobito. Iyi nzira irabereye ku bikoresho nka PVC na ABS, bitanga - igiciro, ari hasi- impapuro zikoreshwa cane mu gushaza no gupfunyika. Inyungu yayo iri mu nzira ndende, ariko isaba gushiramwo ibikoresho vyinshi kandi ifise ibisabwa bikomeye ku bijanye n’ugutemba kw’ibikoresho vya mbere.
3. Guteza imbere
Gukanda bishushe ni vyiza ku mapulasitike atera (nk’ama resins ya phenolic) canke amashuka manini kandi manini. Ivyo bikoresho vy’imbere canke ibikoresho bitagira ifu bishirwa mu gitereko maze bikagakira mu bushuhe bwinshi n’umuvuduko munini. Ubwo buryo burahinduka cane kandi burashobora gutuma habaho ibishushanyo bifise imiterere igoye, ariko buratanga ubushobozi bwo gukora neza n’ugukoresha inguvu nyinshi.
4. Ivy'Ivyiyumviro n'Ivy'Ivyiyumviro vyinshi
Kugira ngo impapuro z’ubuhinga zikore neza, akenshi imigenderanire y’ubu ikoresha uguhuza canke kwikuramwo. Nk'akarorero, ugumbara - igice c'uruzitiro n'igice c'inzitizi bishobora gucumbikirwa n'igice c'inyuma kugira ngo ukore ibipande vy'ibintu vyinshi. Gukoranya bikoresha ama extruders menshi kugira ngo bigaburire ibikoresho mu buryo bumwe, guhingura ibintu vyinshi- imiterere mu nzira imwe. Ikoreshwa cane mu bikoresho vy'ubwubatsi n'ivy'imodoka.
III. Ingingo nyamukuru z'ubuhinga n'ubugenzuzi bw'uburyo
Igishushanyo n’uburyo bw’ibikoresho vy’amapulasitike biterwa n’ibintu vyinshi, harimwo n’ibiharuro vy’ibikoresho vya mbere, ibipimo vy’ibikorwa, n’ibikoresho vyiza. Ingingo nyamukuru zo kugenzura ni:
•Igenzura ry’ubushuhe: Ubushuhe bwinshi cane bw’ugushonga burashobora gutuma haba ukubora, mu gihe ubushuhe buke cane bw’ugushonga bushobora kugira ico bukoze ku bijanye n’ugutemba;
•Gutunganya ibintu: Gutuma ibikoresho bimwe bimwe bigabanywa, kwirinda ibibumbano n’uburemere butaringaniye;
•Igipimo c’ugufatanya: Igira ingaruka ku rupapuro n’ugushikama kw’ingero;
•Inyungu- uburyo bwo gukora, nk’ugupfuka UV n’ugucapura ku ruhande, birashobora kurushirizaho kwongereza ubushobozi.
IV. Iciyumviro
Uburyo bwo guhingura ibikoresho vy’ibara ry’ipulasitike busaba ko umuntu ahitamwo ibintu bishobora guhinduka bivanye n’ingene akoreshwa. Kuva ku gusohoka kw’ishimikiro no gutera imbere gushika ku buhinga buteye imbere bwo gukorana n’ibindi, uburyo bumwe bumwe burafise akamaro kayo kadasanzwe be n’ingene bukoreshwa. Mu gihe kizoza, n’ugushiraho ibikoresho bikunda ibidukikije (nk’ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none vy’ibinyabuzima) n’ubuhinga bwo guhingura ibintu, uburyo bwo guhingura ibikoresho vy’amabara y’ipulasitike buzorushirizaho gutunganirizwa, ivyo bikaba bituma ubuhinga bwavyo bukoreshwa cane mu guteza imbere iterambere riramvye.
